The verbs am, is, and are are all forms of the verb to be. They are typically used to:
– describe someone or something
– describe the state, feeling, or condition that someone or something is in

We use am with:
– I

We use is with:
– he
– she
– it
– singular nouns

We use are with:
– you
– we
– they
– plural nouns

We use am, is, are in these sentence patterns:

1. Subject + am/is/are + noun/noun phrase

This pattern is used to identify the subject (present simple tense).
I am John.
He is a teacher.
She is my sister.
Tom is my colleague.
It is my cat.
You are my best friend.
We are English learners.
They are firefighters.

2. Subject + am/is/are + adjective

This pattern is used to describe the state or condition of the subject (present simple tense).
I am happy.
He is tall.
She is gorgeous.
My cat is fierce.
The view is amazing.
It is very funny.
You are annoying.
We are tired.
They are extremely smart.

3. Subject + am/is/are + adverb of place

This pattern is used to describe the location of the subject (present simple tense).
I am here.
He is there.
She is upstairs.
We are outside.
They are nearby.

4. Subject + am/is/are + prepositional phrase

This pattern is used to describe the location, state or condition of the subject (present simple tense).
I am at home.
He is from Indonesia.
She is in love.
My cat is on the roof.
You are in trouble.
We are on vacation.
They are at work.

5. Subject + am/is/are + -ing form

This pattern is used to describe the action that the subject is doing (present continuous tense).
I am studying.
He is reading a book.
She is watching a movie.
My cat is sleeping.
You are talking too fast.
We are waiting for Tim.
They are walking to the train station.

6. Subject + am/is/are + past participle

This pattern is used to describe the action done to the subject (passive voice).
I am invited to the party.
He is loved by everyone.
She is admired for her talent.
My cat is fed twice a day.
You are not invited to the party.
We are supported by our friends.
They are forced to join the event.