Questions 39-42
Listen to a talk by an anthropologist.
(Dengarkan sebuah ceramah oleh seorang ahli antropologi berikut.)

Speaker: To continue our series of recordings from the museum’s archives,
Speaker: Untuk melanjutkan seri rekaman dari arsip museum,

this afternoon you will have the opportunity to hear a preeminent Native American storyteller, Joseph Medicine Crow.
siang ini kalian akan mendapatkan kesempatan untuk mendengarkan pencerita warga asli Amerika terkemuka, Joseph Medicine Crow.

This museum is fortunate to have some of the recordings of legends and other stories he has collected from his native Crow culture, which is one of the Plains Indian groups.
Museum ini beruntung memiliki beberapa rekaman legenda-legenda dan kisah-kisah lain yang beliau sudah kumpulkan dari kebudayaan asli Crow-nya, yang adalah salah satu kelompok dataran Indian.

To understand the significance of these recordings, it is important to remember that the history and traditions of Native Americans were not written down.
Untuk memahami signifikannya rekaman-rekaman ini, penting untuk diingat bahwa sejarah dan tradisi Amerika asli tidaklah ditulis.

Instead they were passed down from one generation to the next by tribal storytellers.
Sebagai gantinya mereka diturunkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya oleh pencerita adat.

Often these storytellers were specially trained.
Seringkali pencerita-pencerita ini dilatih secara khusus.

They were chosen for the role when young and charged with remembering and sharing their people’s oral history – a tradition that no longer exists.
Mereka dipilih untuk peran ini ketika mereka muda dan ditugaskan untuk mengingat dan membagikan sejarah lisan kelompok mereka – sebuah tradisi yang tidak lagi ada saat ini.

Joseph Medicine Crow recorded and saved the stories of his grandfather, one of the Crow people’s last war chiefs.
Joseph Medicine Crow merekam dan menyimpan kisah-kisah kakeknya, salah satu pimpinan perang suku Crow yang terakhir.

He also collected the memoirs of other tribal elders.
Dia juga mengoleksi riwayat hidup pemimpin suku lain.

Today, the traditional tribal storytellers Joseph Crow knew as a young man are all gone, so he must now gather information from their children and grandchildren.
Saat ini, pencerita adat tradisional yang diketahui Joseph Crow ketika ia mudah sudah tidak ada lagi, jadi dia sekarang harus mengumpulkan informasi dari anak-anak dan cucu-cucu mereka.

Now we’ll hear a tape of this great storyteller as he recounts a legend of the Crow people.
Sekarang kita akan mendengarkan sebuah rekaman dari pencerita luar biasa ini ketika dia mengingat kembali legenda suku Crow.

The slides you will see accompanying this story are pictures of artifacts of various Plains Indian cultures.
Slide yang akan kalian lihat bersama dengan cerita ini adalah foto-foto artefak berbagai kebudayatan Dataran Indian.

39. What is the speaker’s main purpose?

(A) To introduce a recording of a Native American legend
(B) To encourage young people to become storytellers
(C) To compare oral and written traditions
(D) To tell a famous story

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) To introduce a recording of a Native American legend
(Memperkenalkan rekaman seorang legenda Amerika asli)

40. Why were storytellers important to Plains Indian cultures?

(A) They were used to teach children the language.
(B) They carried news from one tribe to another.
(C) They preserved the society’s history.
(D) They served as chiefs.

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) They preserved the society’s history.
(Mereka melestarikan sejarah masyarakat saat itu.)

41. According to the talk, why are Joseph Medicine Crow’s recordings especially important now?

(A) They are more comprehensive than earlier recordings.
(B) They provide income for the Crow people.
(C) Today’s children do not enjoy Native American stories.
(D) Without recordings the stories might be forgotten.

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) Without recordings the stories might be forgotten.
(Tanpa rekaman-rekaman, kisah-kisah mungkin akan terlupakan.)

To understand the significance of these recordings, it is important to remember that the history and traditions of Native Americans were not written down.
Untuk memahami signifikannya rekaman-rekaman ini, penting untuk diingat bahwa sejarah dan tradisi Amerika asli tidaklah ditulis.

Instead they were passed down from one generation to the next by tribal storytellers.
Sebagai gantinya mereka diturunkan dari satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya oleh pencerita adat.

42. Why does Joseph Medicine Crow collect material from storytellers’ children?

(A) Children have better memories than adults do.
(B) The traditional storytellers have died.
(C) He is interested in the children’s reactions.
(D) The storytellers are too busy to be interviewed.

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) The traditional storytellers have died.
(Pencerita-pencerita tradisional sudah meninggal.)

Today, the traditional tribal storytellers Joseph Crow knew as a young man are all gone, so he must now gather information from their children and grandchildren.
Saat ini, pencerita adat tradisional yang diketahui Joseph Crow ketika ia mudah sudah tidak ada lagi, jadi dia sekarang harus mengumpulkan informasi dari anak-anak dan cucu-cucu mereka.

Questions 43-46
Listen to a professor in a business class.
(Dengarkan seorang profesor di sebuah kelas bisnis.)

Speaker: I hope you’ve all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance – so that you’re prepared for our discussion today.
Speaker: Saya harap kalian sudah selesai membaca bab yang sudah ditugaskan tentang asuransi – sehingga kalian siap untuk diskusi kita hari ini.

But, before we start, I’d like to mention a few things your text doesn’t go into.
Tapi sebelum kita mulai, saya ingin membahas beberapa hal yang tidak dijelaskan buku teks kalian.

It’s interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time.
Menarik untuk diperhatikan bahwa asuransi telah ada dalam bentuk lain sejak lama sekali.

The earliest insurance policies were what were called bottomry contracts.
Polis asuransi yang paling awal adalah apa yang mereka sebut Bottomry Contract.

They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C.E.
Mereka memberikan perlindungan pengiriman bagi pedagang seawal tahun 3000 Sebelum Masehi.

In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements.
Umumnya, kontrak-kontrak ini lebih sering berupa kesepakatan lisan.

They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn’t have to be repaid.
Mereka memberikan pinjaman pada pedagang dengan kesepakatan bahwa jika ada pengiriman barang yang hilang di laut, pinjaman itu tidak harus dibayarkan kembali.

Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods.
Bunga dari pinjaman ini bervariasi sesuai seberapa riskan pengiriman barang tersebut.

During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably.
Selama periode pembajakan yang sering terjadi, misalnya, jumlah bunga dan biaya polis naik tinggi.

So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade.
Jadi, kalian bisa lihat bagaiman asuransi membantu mendorong perdagangan internasional.

Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances – not to mention in hazardous weather conditions – when they had this kind of protection available.
bahkan pedagang yang paling berhati-hatipun bersedia menanggung resiko pengiriman barang dengan jarak jauh – apalagi dalam kondisi cuaca yang berbahaya – ketika mereka memiliki jenis perlindungan seperti ini.

Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages.
Pada dasarnya, bentuk dasar polis asuransi cukup sama sejak Abad Pertengahan.

There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today.
Ada empat poin penting saat itu dan tetap penting di semua polis saat ini.

These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today’s discussion.
Poin-poin ini dijabarkan di bab enam dan akan menjadi dasar diskusi hari ini.

Can anyone tell me what one of those points might be?
Adakah yang mungkin bisa memberitahu saya poin-poin itu?

43. What is the purpose of the professor’s talk?

(A) To prepare students for the next reading assignment
(B) To provide background information for a class discussion
(C) To review material from a previous class
(D) To prepare for a quiz on chapter SIX

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) To provide background information for a class discussion
(Memberikan informasi latar belakang untuk diskusi kelas.)

44. Who were the first insurance contracts designed to protect?

(A) Insurance companies
(B) Sailors
(C) Manufacturers
(D) Merchants

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) Merchants
(Pedagang.)

The earliest insurance policies were what were called bottomry contracts.
Polis asuransi yang paling awal adalah apa yang mereka sebut Bottomry Contract.

They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C.E.
Mereka memberikan perlindungan pengiriman bagi pedagang seawal tahun 3000 Sebelum Masehi.

45. What does the professor say determined the cost of early insurance policies?

(A) The distance the merchandise had to be shipped
(B) The number of insurance companies available at the time
(C) The amount of danger involved in shipping the goods
(D) The type of vessel used to transport the goods

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) The amount of danger involved in shipping the goods
(Jumlah bahaya yang terlibat dalam pengiriman barang)

46. What does the professor say about current insurance policies?

(A) Only four types of policies still exist today.
(B) They are cheaper than the ones in the Middle Ages.
(C) They include features similar to earlier policies.
(D) The interest rates are based on early methods of calculation.

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) They include features similar to earlier policies.
(Mereka mencakup fitur-fitur yang sama dengan polis yang lebih awal.)

Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages.
Pada dasarnya, bentuk dasar polis asuransi cukup sama sejak Abad Pertengahan.

There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today.
Ada empat poin penting saat itu dan tetap penting di semua polis saat ini.

Questions 47-50
Listen to part of a talk about honeybees.
(Dengarkan bagian dari sebuah ceramah tentang lebah madu.)

Speaker: Communication – what is communication? Some of you will say it is language.
Speaker: Komunikasi – apa it komunikasi? Beberapa dari kalian akan mengatakan bahwa komunikasi adalah bahasa.

But is communication just limited to human language?
Tapi apakah komunikasi hanya terbatas pada bahasa manusia?

You might be surprised to learn that scientists have discovered that honeybees have a form of communication that is as complicated and as effective as human language.
Kalian mungkin terkejut jika mengetahui bahwa ilmuwan telah mendapati bahwa lebah madu memiliki sebuah bentuk komunikasi yang serumit dan seefektif bahasa manusia.

Honeybees communicate by dancing.
Lebah madu berkomunikasi dengan menari.

For example, when a honeybee finds food it returns to its hive and performs a dance.
Contohnya, ketika seekor lebah madu menemukan makanan, ia kembali ke sarangnya dan melakukan sebuah tarian.

This dance communicates a message about the food.
Tarian ini mengkomunikasikan sebuah pesan tentang makanan itu.

Basically, there are three types of dances: the round dance, the sickle dance, and the tail-wagging dance.
Pada dasarnya, ada tiga jenis tarian: tarian lingkaran, tarian sabit, dan tarian goyang ekor.

In all three dances, the number of turns in the bee’s dance tells the other bees how far the food is from the hive.
Dalam tiga tarian ini, jumlah putaran dalam tarian lebah itu memberitahu lebah lain seberapa jauh makanan dari sarang.

The angle of the bee’s dance in relation to the Sun tells the direction of food from the hive.
Sudut tarian lebah terhadap matahari memberitahu arah makanan dari sarang.

So you see, honeybees communicate using one form of nonverbal communication.
Jadi kalian lihat, lebah mandu berkomunikasi menggunakan satu bentuk komunikasi non-verbal.

Can anyone suggest another form of nonverbal communication used by animals?
Adakah yang bisa menyebutkan bentuk lain komunikasi non-verbal yang digunakan hewan?

47. What aspect of honeybees does the speaker discuss?

(A) How they enjoy their food
(B) How they communicate with each other
(C) How they depend on the Sun
(D) How they learn different dances

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) How they communicate with each other
(Bagaimana mereka berkomunikasi satu sama lain.)

48. According to the speaker, what does the honeybee communicate through its dances?

(A) A signal that it is tired
(B) A message about a food source
(C) Acceptance of another honeybee to its hive
(D) A warning that danger is near

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) A message about a food source
(Pesan tentang sumber makanan.)

For example, when a honeybee finds food it returns to its hive and performs a dance.
Contohnya, ketika seekor lebah madu menemukan makanan, ia kembali ke sarangnya dan melakukan sebuah tarian.

This dance communicates a message about the food.
Tarian ini mengkomunikasikan sebuah pesan tentang makanan itu.

49. What does the speaker say about the honeybee’s system of communication?

(A) It is not verbal.
(B) It is not informative.
(C) It is not effective.
(D) It is not complicated.

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) It is not verbal.
(Sistem komunikasinya tidak verbal / lisan)

So you see, honeybees communicate using one form of nonverbal communication.
Jadi kalian lihat, lebah mandu berkomunikasi menggunakan satu bentuk komunikasi non-verbal.

50. What does the speaker ask the listeners to do at the end of the talk?

(A) Read the chapters on honeybee communication
(B) Discuss the different ways humans communicate
(C) Give examples of other types of animal communication
(D) Write a paper on the various forms of communication

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) Give examples of other types of animal communication
(Memberikan contoh jenis komunikasi hewan yang lain)

Can anyone suggest another form of nonverbal communication used by animals?
Adakah yang bisa menyebutkan bentuk lain komunikasi non-verbal yang digunakan hewan?