TOEFL ITP Reading 03b Answer
Humans have struggled against weeds since the beginnings of agriculture.
(Manusia sudah berjuang melawan gulma sejak awal pertanian.)
Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds – any plants that thrive where they are unwanted.
(Merusak taman kita adalah salah satu efek ringan gulma – tanaman yang tumbuh di mana mereka tidak diinginkan.)
They clog waterways, destroy wildlife habitats, and impede farming.
(Mereka menyumbat saluran air, menghancurkan habitat satwa liar dan menghambat pertanian.)
Their spread eliminates grazing areas and accounts for one-third of all crop loss.
(Penyebaran mereka menyingkirkan area merumpur dan menyebabkan hilangnya sepertiga hasil panen.)
They compete for sunlight, nutrients, and water with useful plants.
(Mereka bersaing dengan tanaman-tanaman berguna untuk sinar matahari, nutrisi dan air.)
The global need for weed control has been answered mainly by the chemical industry.
(Kebutuhan pengendalian gulma secara global terlah terjawab utamanya oleh industri kimia.)
Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary, but some pose serious problems, particularly if misused.
(Herbisida industri kimia efektif dan terkadang diperlukan, tapi beberapa membawa masalah serius, terutama jika disalahgunakan.)
Toxic compounds threaten animal and public health when they accumulate in food plants, ground water, and drinking water.
(Senyawa beracun mengancam kesehatan hewan dan masyarakat ketika mereka terakumulasi di tanaman pangan, air tanah dan air minum.)
They also harm workers who apply them.
(Mereka juga membahayakan pekerja yang menggunakannya.)
In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ecologically sound.
(Tahun-tahun belakangan ini, industri kimia telah memperkenalkan beberapa herbisida yang lebih baik secara ekologis.)
Yet new chemicals alone cannot solve the world’s weed problems.
(Meski demikian bahan kimia sendiri tidak bisa memecahkan masalah gulma dunia.)
Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.
(Maka, ilmuwan sedang mengeksplorasi kekuatan membasmi gulma alamiah dari organisme hidup, utamanya serangga dan mikroorganisme.)
The biological agents now in use are harmless to humans and are environmentally benign.
(Agen biologis yang digunakan saat ini tidak berbahaya bagi manusia dan ramah lingkungan.)
They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched.
(Mereka bisa dipilih berdasarkan kemampuan mereka menyerang target yang sudah dipilih dan membiarkan tanaman pangan dan tanaman lainnya.)
In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance.
(Sebaliknya, beberapa bahan kimia yang paling efektif hampir mematikan semua tanaman yang dijumpainya, hanya membiarkan tanaman yang tahan secara alamiah atau yang sudah dimodifikasi secara genetika untuk resisten.)
Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed.
(Selain itu, sejumlah agen biologis bisa diberikan hanya satu kali; setelah itu tidak perlu diberikan lagi.)
Chemicals typically must be used several times per growing season.
(Bahan-bahan kimia harus digunakan beberapa kali dalam setiap musim tanam.)
1. With what topic does this passage primarily deal?
(A) The importance of the chemical industry
(B) The dangers of toxic chemicals
(C) Advantages of biological agents over chemical ones
(D) A proposal to ban the use of all herbicides
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Bacaan di atas utamanya membahasa keuntungan agen biologis dibandingkan dengan agen kimia.
2. The word “Marring” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) spoiling
(B) dividing
(C) replacing
(D) planting
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
mar = merusak
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/mar?q=mar
spoil = merusak
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/spoil_1?q=spoil
3. The word “clog” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) drain
(B) float on
(C) obstruct
(D) grow along
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
clog = menyumbat
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/clog_1?q=clog
obstruct = menghambat
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/obstruct?q=obstruct
4. Which of the following terms does the author define in the first paragraph?
(A) Grazing areas
(B) Weeds
(C) Wildlife habitats
(D) Nutrients
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Line (2) Marring our gardens is one of the milder effects of weeds-any plants that thrive where they are unwanted.
Kalimat di atas berisi penjelasan tentang definisi weeds.
5. Which of the following statements about the use of chemical agents as herbicides would the author most likely agree?
(A) It should be increased.
(B) It has become more dangerous recently.
(C) It is safe but inefficient.
(D) It is occasionally required.
Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
Line (9) Its herbicides are effective and sometimes necessary,
Potongan kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa agen kimia terkadang diperlukan.
6. Which of the following is NOT given as an advantage of biological agents over chemical herbicides?
(A) They are less likely to destroy desirable plants.
(B) They are safer for workers.
(C) They are more easily available.
(D) They do not have to be used as often.
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Paragraf 4
The biological agents now in use are harmless to humans and are environmentally benign.
=> Aman untuk digunakan pekerja
They can be chosen for their ability to attack selected targets and leave crops and other plants untouched.
=> Tidak menghancurkan tanaman utama
Furthermore, a number of biological agents can be administered only once, after which no added applications are needed.
=> Tidak perlu sering digunakan
7. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “Hence” in line 16?
(A) In addition
(B) Consequently
(C) Subsequently
(D) In contrast
Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
consequently = oleh karena itu
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/consequently?q=consequently
8. The word “innate” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) natural
(B) effective
(C) organic
(D) active
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
innate = asli, bawaan, alamiah
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/innate?q=innate
9. According to the passage, biological agents consist mainly of
(A) insects and microorganisms
(B) useful plants
(C) weeds
(D) herbicides
Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Line (17) Hence, scientists are exploring the innate weed-killing powers of living organisms, primarily insects and microorganisms.
Kalimat di atas menunjukkan bahwa agen biologis yang dimaksud adalah serangga dan mikroorganisme.
10. The word “those” in line 23 refers to
(A) chemicals
(B) targets
(C) plants
(D) agents
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Line (22) In contrast, some of the most effective chemicals kill virtually all the plants they come in contact with, sparing only those that are naturally resistant or have been genetically modified for resistance.
Noun yang mendahului ‘those’ adalah ‘all the plants they come in contact with’
11. The word “applications” in line 25 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) Requests
(B) Special purposes
(C) Treatments
(D) Qualifications
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
application = penggunaan
treatment = perawatan, perlakuan, pengerjaan
12. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) A general idea is introduced, and several specific examples are given.
(B) A recommendation is analyzed and rejected.
(C) A problem is described, and possible solutions are discussed.
(D) Two possible causes for a phenomenon are compared.
Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Di bacaan di atas masalah tentang rumput liar dan solusi-solusi yang bisa dipilih untuk menghilangkannya