All birds have feathers, and all animals with feathers are birds.
Semua burung memiliki bulu, dan semua hewan yang memiliki bulu adalah burung.

No other major group of animals is so easy to categorize.
Tidak ada kelompok hewan lain yang begitu mudah untuk dikategorikan.

All birds have wings, too, but wings are not peculiar to birds.
Semua burung memiliki sayap juga, tapi sayap tidak khusus untuk burung saja.

Many adaptations are found in both feathers and wings.
Banyak adaptasi ditemukan baik dalam bulu dan sayap.

Feathers form the soft down of geese and ducks, the long decorative plumes of ostriches, and the strong flight feathers of eagles and hawks.
Bulu membentuk bagian halus dari angsa dan bebek, ekor hiasan panjang burung unta, dan bulu terbang kuat rajawali dan elang.

Wings vary from the short, broad ones of chickens, which seldom fly, to the long, slim ones of albatrosses, which spend almost all their lives soaring on air currents.
Sayap bervariasi dari yang pendek, lebar untuk ayam, yang jarang terbang, hingga yang panjang tipis milik elang laut, yang menghabiskan hampir seluruh hidup mereka menjulang di aliran udara.

In penguins, wings have been modified into flippers and feathers into a waterproof covering.
Di penguin, sayap telah dimodifikasi menjadi sirip/tangan dan bulu menjadi penutup tahan air.

In kiwis, the wings are almost impossible to detect.
Di kiwi, sayap hampir tidak bisa dideteksi.

Yet diversity among birds is not so striking as it is among mammals.
Namun keanekaragaman di antara burung tidak begitu mencolok seperti di antara mamalia.

The difference between a hummingbird and a penguin is immense, but hardly as startling as that between a bat and a whale.
Perbedaan antara burung kolibri dan penguin sangat besar, tapi tidak sebegitu mengejutkan seperti antara kelelawar dan ikan paus.

It is variations in details rather than in fundamental patterns that have been important in the adaptation of birds to many kinds of ecosystems.
Variasi dalam detail dan bukan dalam pola dasarlah yang telah menjadi penting dalam adaptasi burung terhadap banyak jenis ekosistem.

12. The word “categorize” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) appreciate
(B) comprehend
(C) classify
(D) visualize

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(C) classify
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/classify?q=classify

13. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase “peculiar to” in line 3?
(A) Unusual for
(B) Common to
(C) Necessary for
(D) Unique to

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(D) Unique to
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/peculiar
peculiar bisa berarti:
– aneh dan tidak biasa (unusual and strange)
– khas/unik untuk kelompok tertentu (characteristic especially of a particular person, group, or thing) -> ini yang dimaksud di soal

14. The word “slim” in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) slender
(B) powerful
(C) graceful
(D) soft

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(A) slender
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/slender?q=slender

15. The word “detect” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) utilize
(B) extend
(C) observe
(D) describe

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(C) observe
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/detect?q=detect

16. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “diversity” in line 12?
(A) Function
(B) Heredity
(C) Specialty
(D) Variety

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(D) Variety
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/diversity?q=diversity

17. The word “hardly” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) definitely
(B) not nearly
(C) possibly
(D) not always

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(B) not nearly
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/hardly?q=hardly
hardly = hampir tidak

18. The word “startling” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) initial
(B) exciting
(C) tremendous
(D) surprising

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(D) surprising
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/startling?q=startling

19. The word “fundamental” in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) basic
(B) shifting
(C) predictable
(D) complicated

Jawaban yang tepat adalah
(A) basic
https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/fundamental_1?q=fundamental