1. Blindfish, which spend their whole lives in caves, have ______ eyes nor body pigments.
(A) not any
(B) neither
(C) nor
(D) without

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Blindfish, which spend their whole lives in caves, have (neither) eyes nor body pigments.

– ada ‘nor’ di bagian kalimat soal
– yang bisa digunakan dengan nor adalah neither
– A, C dan D salah karena ‘not any’ ‘nor’ dan ‘without’ tidak bisa digunakan dengan ‘nor’

2. Specialty stores, unlike department stores, handle only one line of merchandise ______ a limited number of closely related lines.
(A) either
(B) but
(C) instead
(D) or

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
Specialty stores, unlike department stores, handle only one line of merchandise (or) a limited number of closely related lines.

– ‘handle only’ = hanya menjual / menyediakan (untuk konteks toko)
– conjunction yang tepat adalah ‘or’ karena mengindikasikan pilihan / kemungkinan
– A salah karena either perlu digunakan dengan or
– B salah karena but digunakan dalam konteks kontras / berlawanan
– C salah karena instead = adverb, tidak bisa digunakan untuk menggabungkan kata, frasa atau kalimat

3. Thomas Eakins studied not only painting ______ anatomy when he was training to become an artist.
(A) moreover
(B) but also
(C) as well
(D) and

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Thomas Eakins studied not only painting (but also) anatomy when he was training to become an artist.

– not only hanya bisa digunakan dengan but also

4. Although topology is the youngest branch of geometry, _____ is considered the most sophisticated.
(A) but it
(B) so it
(C) it
(D) however it

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Although topology is the youngest branch of geometry, (it) is considered the most sophisticated.

– although = conjunction
– sudah ada conjunction di kalimat soal, jadi A, B dan D salah karena akan ada duplikasi conjunction.

5. In 1923 Jean Toomer wrote a book titled Cane which combined fiction _____ poetry to describe the experience of being black in the United States.
(A) and
(B) to
(C) also
(D) or

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
In 1923 Jean Toomer wrote a book titled Cane which combined fiction (and) poetry to describe the experience of being black in the United States.

– ada kata ‘combine’ di kalimat soal (= menggabungkan)
– conjunction yang paling tepat adalah ‘and’: combine + object 1 + and + object 2

6. Endive can be used ______ as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.
(A) such
(B) both
(C) either
(D) neither

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Endive can be used (either) as a salad green or as a cooking vegetable.

– ada ‘or’ di antara dua noun (a salad green dan a cooking vegetable)
– conjunction yang bisa digunakan dengan or adalah either: either + noun 1 or + noun 2

7. Glucose does not have to be digested, ______ it can be put directly into the bloodstream.
(A) so
(B) while
(C) and since
(D) nor

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Glucose does not have to be digested, (so) it can be put directly into the bloodstream.

– Glucose does not have to be digested = glukosa tidak harus dicerna
– it can be put directly into the bloodstream = ia bisa langsung dimasukkan ke aliran darah
– Klausa 2 adalah efek dari klausa 1, conjunction yang tepat adalah so = jadi, maka dari itu

8. Natural fiber comes from either animal ______ plant sources.
(A) or
(B) otherwise
(C) and
(D) nor

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Natural fiber comes from either animal (or) plant sources.

– ada ‘or’ di antara dua noun (animal dan plant sources)
– conjunction yang bisa digunakan dengan or adalah either: either + noun 1 or + noun 2

9. Paint is _____ used to protect wood.
(A) not only the substance
(B) the substance which is not only
(C) not only a substance which is
(D) not the only substance

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
Paint is (not the only substance) used to protect wood.
Cat bukanlah satu-satunya bahan yang digunakan untuk melindungi kayu.

– A, B dan C salah karena mengandung ‘not only’. ‘not only’ hanya bisa digunakan dengan ‘but also’

10. An acoustic engineer’s purpose in designing a factory is to suppress sound, _____ his or her purpose in designing a concert hall is to transmit sound faithfully.
(A) or
(B) so
(C) but
(D) which

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
An acoustic engineer’s purpose in designing a factory is to suppress sound, (but) his or her purpose in designing a concert hall is to transmit sound faithfully.

– Ada 2 klausa yang perlu dihubungkan oleh conjunction
– An acoustic engineer’s purpose in designing a factory is to suppress sound = Tujuan insinyur akustik dalam mendesain sebuuah pabrik adalah untuk menekan / meminimalkan suara
– his or her purpose in designing a concert hall is to transmit sound faithfully = tujuannya dalam mendesain balai konser adalah untuk menghantarkan suara sebaik mungkin
– Dua klausa di atas menunjukkan kontras, conjunction yang paling tepat adalah but

11. Old Faithful is the most famous but ______ the most powerful geyser in Yellowstone National Park.
(A) none of
(B) no
(C) nothing
(D) not

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
Old Faithful is the most famous but (not) the most powerful geyser in Yellowstone National Park.

– A salah karena none of + noun membentuk subject klausa
– B salah karena no + noun perlu frasa penjelas
– C salah karena nothing = pronoun, tidak bisa mendahului noun

12. Early carpenters, having ______ nails, had to use wooden pegs to secure their constructions.
(A) no
(B) not
(C) without
(D) neither

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Early carpenters, having (no) nails, had to use wooden pegs to secure their constructions.

– B salah karena not + noun hanya bisa dalam pola subject + be + not + noun: eg. I am not a student
– C salah karena without = tanpa, having = memiliki, tidak bisa digabungkan
– D salah karena neither = correlative conjunction digunakan dengan nor, tidak ada nor dalam kalimat soal

13. Joseph Priestly, the discoverer of oxygen, had little ______ interest in science until he met Benjamin Franklin in Paris.
(A) and not
(B) or no
(C) but not
(D) nor any

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Joseph Priestly, the discoverer of oxygen, had little (or no) interest in science until he met Benjamin Franklin in Paris.

– little + or no + noun = sedikit atau hampir tidak sama sekali, ini pola yang lazim digunakan

14. Mobile homes were ______ counted as permanent houses until the 1960 census.
(A) not
(B) nor
(C) no
(D) none

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Mobile homes were (not) counted as permanent houses until the 1960 census.

– were … counted
– were = verb be, counted = Verb 3
– be + Verb 3 = pola kalimat pasif
– bentuk negatif yang bisa digunakan dalam pola kalimat pasif negatif adalah not

15. Most solo musicians play ______ sheet music in front of them.
(A) without
(B) not having
(C) lacking
(D) and no

Jawaban yang paling tepat (A)
Most solo musicians play (without) sheet music in front of them.

– without = preposition, sheet music = noun
– preposition selalu berada di depan noun, jadi A sudah benar
– B salah karena ada having, duplikasi verb (sudah ada play)
– C salah karena ada lacking, duplikasi verb
– D salah karena ‘and’ di sini tidak menggabungkan dua bentuk yang identikal secara gramatikal

16. Desertification is the creation of deserts where ______ had existed before.
(A) never
(B) no one
(C) none
(D) not one

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
Desertification is the creation of deserts where (none) had existed before.

– where ______ had existed before = relative clause yang menjelaskan object noun deserts
– perlu subject untuk menggenapi relative clause
– A dan D salah karena never dan not one tidak bisa menjadi subject
– B salah karena no one adalah pronoun untuk orang

17. Glass snakes are actually legless lizards, ______ snakes.
(A) no
(B) not
(C) nor
(D) none

Jawaban yang paling tepat (B)
Glass snakes are actually legless lizards, (not) snakes.

– A salah karena no lazimnya digunakan dalam pola: there + be + no + noun: eg There is no milk in the fridge.
– C salah karena nor perlu digunakan dengan neither
– D salah karena none = pronoun, tidak bisa mendahului noun

18. There is ______ truth to the old expression “Lightning never strikes the same place twice.”
(A) without
(B) none
(C) no
(D) not

Jawaban yang paling tepat (C)
There is (no) truth to the old expression “Lightning never strikes the same place twice.”

– Pola: there + be + no + noun, eg. There is no milk in the fridge.

19. _____ single person can be said to have invented the automobile.
(A) There was not a
(B) Nor a
(C) Not one of
(D) No

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
(No) single person can be said to have invented the automobile.

– A salah karena ada duplikasi subject dan verb tanpa conjunction (was, can be said)
– B salah karena nor perlu digunakan dengan neither
– C salah karena not one of harusnya diikuti plural noun

10. A serious study of physics is impossible ______ some knowledge of mathematics.
(A) not with
(B) no
(C) not having
(D) without

Jawaban yang paling tepat (D)
A serious study of physics is impossible (without) some knowledge of mathematics.

– without = preposition, some knowledge of mathematics = noun phrase
– preposition hanya bisa digunakan di depan noun / noun phrase => sudah benar
– A salah karena not lazimnya digunakan langsung setelah verb be (is)
– B salah karena no lazimnya digunakan dalam pola: there + be + no + noun: eg There is no milk in the fridge.
– C salah karena ada duplikasi verb (is, having)