1. Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman to enter, graduate from, and _____ at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
(A) teach
(B) a teacher
(C) who taught
(D) to teach

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) teach
– and = coordinating conjunction
– coordinating conjunction menghubungkan kata/frasa/klausa yang identik secara gramatikal (paralel)
– enter = Verb 1
– gradudate = Verb 1
– bentuk yang tepat untuk digunakan adalah Verb 1 -> teach

Ellen Swallow Richards became the first woman to enter, graduate from, and teach at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Ellen Swallow Richards menjadi wanita pertama yang masuk, lulus dari dan mengajar di Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

2. Coins last approximately twenty times ______ paper bills.
(A) longer
(B) as long
(C) long
(D) longer than

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) longer than
– Kalimat soal di atas mengindikasikan perbandingan antara 2 noun: coins dan paper bills
– Untuk perbandingan kita gunakan comparative adjective / adverb
– Pola(1): noun 1 + verb be + comparative adjective + than + noun 2
– Pola(2): noun 1 + verb + comparative adverb + than + noun 2
– Karena ada verb ‘last’, kita gunakan pola (2)
– Yang mengikuti pola (2) -> D longer than

Coins last approximately twenty times longer than paper bills.
Uang koin bertahan sekitar dua puluh kali lebih lama dibandingkan uang kertas.

3. It has been estimated that ______ species of animals.
(A) more than a million
(B) it is a million or more
(C) there are over a million
(D) are over a million of

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) there are over a million
– It = dummy subject -> Tidak merujuk ke hal spesifik/tertentu, lazim digunakan jika subject adalah noun clause yang berada di bagian lain kalimat
– has been estimated = verb
– that ______ species of animals = real subject => noun clause
– Noun clause: noun clause marker + Subject + Verb
– that = noun clause marker
– Jawaban harus memiliki bentuk Subject + verb
– A salah karena tidak ada verb
– B salah karena ada subject (it) dan verb (is) tapi arti kalimat tidak tepat dan subject it tidak diketahui merujuk ke apa
– D salah karena tidak ada subject

It has been estimated that there are over a million species of animals.
Telah diperkirakan bahwa ada lebih dari satu juta spesies hewan.

4. Dr. Seuss, _____ was Theodore Seuss Geisel, wrote and illustrated delightfully humorous books for children.
(A) his real name
(B) who had as his real name
(C) with his real name
(D) whose real name

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) whose real name
– Dr. Seuss = subject
– wrote and illustrated = verb
– , _____ was Theodore Seuss Geisel, = relative clause menjelaskan / memberi keterangan tambahan untuk subject
– Relative clause = relative clause marker + verb
– was = verb
– A salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– C salah karena tidak ada relative clause marker
– B salah karena ada relativa clause marker who, tapi ada duplikasi verb had

Dr. Seuss, whose real name was Theodore Seuss Geisel, wrote and illustrated delightfully humorous books for children.
Dr. Seuss, yang nama aslinya adalah Theodore Seuss Geisel, menulis dan membuat ilustrasi buku-buku yang sangat lucu untuk anak-anak

5. _____ American landscape architects was Hideo Sasaki.
(A) The most famous one of
(B) One of the most famous
(C) Of the one most famous
(D) The one most famous of

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) One of the most famous
– _____ American landscape architects = subject
– was = verb
– Pola penggunaan one of: one of + plural noun
– Pilihan jawaban yang mengikuti pola -> (B) One of the most famous

One of the most famous American landscape architects was Hideo Sasaki.
Salah satu arsitek lanskap Amerika yang paling terkenal adalah Hideo Sasaki.

6. Most young geese leave their nests at an early age, and young snow geese are _____ exception.
(A) not
(B) no
(C) none
(D) never

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) no
– exception = perkecualian = noun
– Yang bisa mendahului noun adalah (1) adjective (2) determiner (3) preposition
– A salah karena not = adverb
– C salah karena none = pronoun
– D salah karena never = adverb
– B benar, no = determiner

Most young geese leave their nests at an early age, and young snow geese are no exception.
Sebagian besar angsa muda meninggalkan sarang mereka di usia muda, dan angsa salju muda tidaklah terkecuali.

7. Vancouver, British Columbia, has a temperate climate for a city situated ______ far north.
(A) as
(B) so
(C) very
(D) by

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) so
– far = adjective
– A salah karena pola yang lazim digunakan: as + adjective + as
– C salah karena very lazimnya hanya digunakan dengan adjective saja
– D salah karena by far memiliki arti tersendiri (sejauh ini) dan tidak cocok digunakan dalam kalimat

Vancouver, British Columbia, has a temperate climate for a city situated so far north.
Vancouver, British Columbia, memiliki iklim sedang untuk sebuah kota yang terletak begitu jauh di utara.
– ‘so far north’ cocok digunakan karena ingin menunjukkan kontras bahwa kota yang letaknya di utara biasanya tidak memiliki iklim sedang.

8. _____ in 1849, Manuel A. Alonso recorded the customs, language, and songs of the people of Puerto Rico in his poetry and prose.
(A) Beginning
(B) He began
(C) Having begun
(D) The beginning was

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) Beginning
– Manuel A. Alonso = subject
– recorded = verb
– Kalimat sudah utuh (sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb)
– Tidak ada conjuction -> hanya ada 1 klausa
– B salah karena ada duplikasi subject dan verb
– D salah karena ada duplikasi subject dan verb
– C salah karena having begun = setelah memulai -> Tidak cocok digunakan dengan Manuel A. Alonso recorded = Past Simple
– Manuel A. Alonso recorded = Past Simple -> lazim digunakan dengan adverb of time
– Beginning in 1849 -> adverb of time, merujuk ke satu titik di masa lampau, cocok digunakan dengan Past Simple

Beginning in 1849, Manuel A. Alonso recorded the customs, language, and songs of the people of Puerto Rico in his poetry and prose.
Mulai di tahun 1849, Manuel A. Alonso mencatat kebiasaan, bahasa, dan lagu-lagu orang Porto Riko dalam puisi dan prosanya.

9. _____ the sails of a distant ship are visible before the body of the ship.
(A) The curve of the Earth makes
(B) The Earth, in that it curves, makes
(C) Because the curve of the Earth,
(D) Because of the curve of the Earth,

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) Because of the curve of the Earth,
– the sails of a distant ship = subject
– are = verb
– Kalimat sudah utuh karena sudah ada 1 subject + 1 verb
– A salah ada duplikasi subject (The curve of the Earth) dan verb (makes) sedangkan tidak ada conjunction
– B salah ada duplikasi subject (The Earth) dan verb (makes) sedangkan tidak ada conjunction
– C salah karena ada conjunction ‘because’ dan subject ‘the curve of the Earth’ tapi tidak ada verb untuk dependent clause itu

Because of the curve of the Earth, the sails of a distant ship are visible before the body of the ship.
Karena lekukan Bumi, layar kapal yang berada di kejauhan terlihat sebelum badan kapal.
– because of = preposition
– Because of the curve of the Earth = prepositional phrase yang berfungsi sebagai adverb yang menjelaskan alasan

10. Printing ink is made ______ of a paste, which is applied to the printing surface with rollers.
(A) to form
(B) the form
(C) in the form
(D) so that it forms

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) in the form
– A salah karena verb ‘to form’ hanya bisa diikuti direct object (noun), tidak bisa diikuti preposition (of)
– B salah karena ‘is made the form of a paste’ ambigu
– D salah karena verb ‘forms’ hanya bisa diikuti direct object (noun), tidak bisa diikuti preposition (of)

Printing ink is made in the form of a paste, which is applied to the printing surface with rollers.
Tinta cetak dibuat dalam bentuk adonan, yang diaplikasikan ke permukaan cetak dengan rol.

11. Although _____ cold climates, they can thrive in hot, dry climates as well.
(A) sheep adapted well
(B) well-adapted sheep
(C) sheep, well adapted to
(D) sheep are well adapted to

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) sheep are well adapted to
– they can thrive in hot, dry climates as well = independent clause (sudah ada subject ‘they’ dan verb ‘can thrive’)
– Although _____ cold climates, = dependent clause (sudah ada conjunction ‘although’, belum ada subject, belum ada verb)
– A salah karena ada subject (sheep) dan verb (adapted), tapi tidak ada preposition ‘to’ sebelum cold climates
– B salah karena well-adapted sheep = subject, belum ada verb
– C salah karena ada subject (sheep), belum ada verb, well adapted = adjective

Although sheep are well adapted to cold climates, they can thrive in hot, dry climates as well.
Meskipun domba mudah beradaptasi dengan iklim dingin, mereka bisa bertahan di iklim panas dan kering juga.
– Although = Conjunction
– sheep = subject
– are = verb
– well adapted = adjective

12. Not only _____ as a shade tree, but it also produces wood used for boxes and furniture.
(A) the Linden tree is of value
(B) the value of the Linden tree is
(C) is the Linden tree valuable
(D) the valuable Linden tree is used

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) is the Linden tree valuable
– not only lazimnya digunakan dalam pola inversion
– Pola Inversion: Not only + auxiliary verb + subject
– Pilihan jawaban yang mengikuti pola di atas -> (C) is the Linden tree valuable

Not only is the Linden tree valuable as a shade tree, but it also produces wood used for boxes and furniture.
Tidak hanya pohon Linden berguna sebagai pohon peneduh, tapi dia juga menghasilkan kayu yang digunakan untuk kotak dan mebel.
– Not only
– auxiliary verb = is
– subject = the Linden tree

13. _____ one of Laura Ingalls Wilder’s many books about the American frontier are based on her own childhood experiences.
(A) Except
(B) All but
(C) Without
(D) Not any

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) All but
– A salah karena Except one of = Kecuali satu dari -> tidak cocok digunakan dalam kalimat soal
– C salah karena Without one of = Tanpa satu dari -> tidak cocok digunakan dalam kalimat soal
– D salah karena Not any one of = Tidak satu pun dari -> tidak cocok digunakan dalam kalimat soal

All but one of Laura Ingalls Wilder’s many books about the American frontier are based on her own childhood experiences.
Semua kecuali satu dari banyak buku Laura Ingalls Wilder tentang daerah perbatasan Amerika didasarkan pengalaman masa kecilnya sendiri.

14. One of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution _____
(A) was the textile industry
(B) the textile industry
(C) in the textile industry
(D) the textile industry was

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) was the textile industry
– One of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution = subject
– Kalimat belum utuh karena belum memiliki verb
– B salah karena tidak ada verb
– C salah karena tidak ada verb
– D salah karena ada verb was tapi letaknya salah

One of the first industries to be affected by the Industrial Revolution was the textile industry.
Salah satu industri-industri pertama yang terpengaruh oleh Revolusi Industri adalah industri tekstil.

15. _____ the outer rings of a gyroscope are turned or twisted, the gyroscope itself continues to spin in exactly the same position.
(A) However
(B) Somehow
(C) Otherwise
(D) No matter

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) However
– B salah karena somehow = entah bagaimana -> tidak cocok untuk digunakan dengan kalimat soal
– C salah karena otherwise = jika tidak -> tidak cocok untuk digunakan dengan kalimat soal
– D salah karena no matter perlu digunakan dengan how supaya digunakan dengan kalimat soal

However the outer rings of a gyroscope are turned or twisted, the gyroscope itself continues to spin in exactly the same position.
Bagaimana pun lingkaran luar giroskop dibalik atau diputar, giroskop itu sendiri terus berputar di posisi yang persis sama.

16. Dehydration is _____ that a land animal faces.
(A) the often greatest hazard
(B) the greatest often hazard
(C) often the greatest hazard
(D) often the hazard greatest

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(C) often the greatest hazard

17. By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which _____.
(A) is a storm moving
(B) a storm is moving
(C) is moving a storm
(D) a moving storm

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) a storm is moving
– forecasters = subject
– can determine = verb
– the speed = object
– at which _____ = relative clause menjelaskan object noun
– Relative clause = relative clause marker + Subject + Verb
– at which = relative clause marker
– A salah karena ada subject dan verb tapi urutannya tidak mengikuti pola
– C salah karena ada verb tapi tidak ada subject
– D slaah karena ada subject tapi tidak ada verb

By tracking the eye of a hurricane, forecasters can determine the speed at which a storm is moving.
Dengan melacak mata badai, pengira cuaca bisa menentukan kecepatan di mana sebuah badai bergerak.
– at which a storm is moving = relative clause
– at which = relative clause
– a storm = subject
– is moving = verb

18. The publication of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn helped make Mark Twain one of America’s _____ literary figures.
(A) most famous
(B) the most famous
(C) are most famous
(D) and most famous

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(A) most famous
– Pola superlative: (the) + most + superlative adjective
– B salah karena determiner the tidak diperlukan, sudah ada modifier America’s
– C salah karena ada duplikasi verb (are), sudah ada verb utama helped
– D salah karena ada conjunction and (tidak diperlukan)

The publication of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn helped make Mark Twain one of America’s most famous literary figures.
Penerbitan Adventures of Huckleberry Finn membantu menjadikan Mark Twain salah satu tokoh sastra Amerika yang paling terkenal.

19. Technology will play a key role in _____ future lifestyles.
(A) to shape
(B) shaping
(C) shape of
(D) shaped

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(B) shaping
– in = preposition
– preposition hanya bisa diikuti (1) noun (2) gerund (Verb ing)
– A salah karena to shape = infinitive
– C salah karena shape = noun, tapi secara arti tidak cocok digunakan di kalimat soal
– D salah karena shaped = Verb 2/3

Technology will play a key role in shaping future lifestyles.
Teknologi akan memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk gaya hidup masa depan.

20. The computer has dramatically affected _____ many products are designed.
(A) is the way
(B) that the way
(C) which way do
(D) the way

Jawaban yang tepat adalah:
(D) the way
– The computer = subject
– has dramatically affected = verb
– many products = subject
– are designed = verb
– A salah karena ada duplikasi verb (is), tidak ada conjunction atau clause marker
– B salah karena ada relative clause marker that tapi posisinya salah
– C salah karena which way do = bentuk kalimat tanya

The computer has dramatically affected the way many products are designed.
Komputer telah mempengaruhi secara dramatis cara banyak produk didesain.
– The computer = subject
– has dramatically affected = verb
– the way = object
– (that) many products are designed = relative clause menjelaskan object
– relative clause marker that kadang bisa direduksi / tidak digunakan