There are 9 parts of speech or word classes in English language:
– nouns
– pronouns
– determiners
– verbs
– prepositions
– adjectives
– adverbs
– conjunctions
– interjections

Tense is a variation in the form of English verbs based on:
– the subject of the sentence
– time
– context of actions/events

Examples (variations based on time):
– I eat fried rice every day.
– I ate fried rice this morning.
– I will eat fried rice tomorrow.
– I am eating fried rice now.
– I have just eaten fried rice.
– I have been eating fried rice this whole week.

Examples (variations based on subject):
– I eat fried rice every day.
– He eats fried rice every day.
– She eats fried rice every day.
– My cat eats fried rice every day.
– You eat fried rice every day.
– We eat fried rice every day.
– They eat fried rice every day.

1. An action that is happening when the speaker is saying it.
– I am having lunch.
– She is talking to the manager.
– They are walking to the train station.

2. An action that is happening during this period (even though may not be happening when the speaker is saying it).
– Jack is looking for a new job.
– Maria is learning Spanish.
– I am staying with my brother.

3. An action/event in the future that has been planned previously.
– I am taking my TOEFL exam next month.
– We are eating at Joe’s Cafe tonight.
– Maya is starting her new job next week.

4. An action that keeps happening.
– It’s always raining in London.
– They are always arguing.
– George is always complaining.

There are 5 verb forms:
– base form
– past simple form
– past participle form
– -ing form (present participle form)
– -s form

In Present Continuous Tense, we use these forms:
– -ing forms

We DO NOT use these forms in Present Continuous:
– base forms
– -s forms
– past simple
– past participle

Positive Sentences

I + am + -ing form
-> I’m eating breakfast.
You + are + -ing form
-> You’re eating breakfast.
We + are + -ing form
-> We’re eating breakfast.
They + are + -ing form
-> They’re eating breakfast.

He + is + -ing form
-> He’s eating breakfast.
She + is + -ing form
-> She’s eating breakfast.
It + is + -ing form
-> My cat’s eating breakfast.

Negative Sentences

I + am not + -ing form
-> I’m not eating breakfast.
You + are not + -ing form
-> You’re not eating breakfast.
We + are not + -ing form
-> We’re not eating breakfast.
They + are not + -ing form
-> They’re not eating breakfast.

He + is not + -ing form
-> He’s not eating breakfast.
She + is not + -ing form
-> She’s not eating breakfast.
It + is not + -ing form
-> My cat’s not eating breakfast.

Yes/No Questions

Am + I + -ing form
-> Am I eating breakfast?
Yes, you are / No, you’re not
Are + You + -ing form
-> Are you eating breakfast?
Yes, I am / No, I’m not
Are + We + -ing form
-> Are we eating breakfast?
Yes, we are / No, we’re not
Are + They + -ing form
-> Are they eating breakfast?
Yes, they are / No, they’re not

Is + He + -ing form
-> Is he eating breakfast?
Yes, he is / No, he’s not
Is + She + -ing form
-> Is she eating breakfast?
Yes, she is / No, she’s not
Is + It + -ing form
-> Is your cat eating breakfast?
Yes, it is / No, it’s not

Questions with Question Words (QW)

QW + Am + I + -ing form
-> Why am I crying?
QW + Are + You + -ing form
-> What are you eating?
QW + Are + We + -ing form
-> What are we doing?
QW + Are + They + -ing form
-> What are they playing?

QW+ Is + He + -ing form
-> Who is he talking to?
QW + Is + She + -ing form
-> Why is she crying?
QW + Is + It + -ing form
-> What is your cat eating?