There are 9 parts of speech or word classes in English language:
– nouns
– pronouns
– determiners
– verbs
– prepositions
– adjectives
– adverbs
– conjunctions
– interjections

There are 2 types of verbs:

– main verbs
(have their own meaning, can stand on their own)
Examples: walk, work, study, play, sing, etc.
I walk to school every day.

– auxiliary verbs (helping verbs)
(cannot stand on their own, needed to complete a sentence)
Examples: is,am,are,do,does,did,have,has,had
I am walking to school now.

Modal verbs:
– are part of auxiliary verbs
– cannot stand on their own, must be used with main verbs

10 modal verbs:
– can
– could
– will
– would
– shall
– should
– may
– might
– must
– ought to

1. Future certainty (something that will happen in the future)
– The train will leave at 7pm.
– Clare will come tomorrow.
– The meeting will start at 1 pm.

2. Willingness to do something
– Dr. Clark will see you now.
– The baby will not eat anything.
– They will lend us the money.

3. Requests to do something or invitations
– Will you pass me the salt?
– Will you give me her address?
– Will you come for dinner on Saturday?

4. Orders or instructions to do something
– You will do as I say.
– Will you be quiet, please!
– Will you stop doing that!

5. Instant decisions
– I will get a pen.
– I will call him now.
– I think I will buy him a book.

6. Promises to do something
– I will call you tomorrow.
– I will help you with the proposal.
– I will come to your party.

(+) Subject + will + base form
He will come.

(-) Subject + will not + base form
(-) Subject + won’t + base form
He will not come.
He won’t come.

(?) Will + Subject + base form
Will he come?
– Yes, he will.
– No, he won’t

(?) QW + Will + Subject + base form
Who will come?
When will he go?
Where will we eat?

‘Will’ can only be used with base forms.
I will come.
I will to come. (wrong)
I will came. (wrong)
He will comes. (wrong)
We will coming. (wrong)

‘Will not’ is written as two words, not as one word.
I will not come.
I willnot come. (wrong)

Non-action sentences:
– descriptions
You will be a pilot one day.
– conditions
You will be fine.
– locations
We will be there tomorrow.

(+) Subject + will + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
You will be a pilot one day.

(-) Subject + will not + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
(-) Subject + won’t + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
He will not be there tomorrow.
He won’t be there tomorrow.

(?) Will + Subject + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
Will you be quiet?

1. Past intentions/expectations (something that will happen from the past point of view).
– They said they would meet us at 10.30 at the station.
– He said he would see his brother tomorrow.

2. Past habits (habits that were done in the past)
– We would meet every Thursday morning.
– He would bring us to the cinema every weekend.

3. Past willingness (willingness to do something in the past)
– He would always help his colleagues.
– She would let you use her computer if you asked yesterday.

4. Polite requests/ offers
– Would you pass the salt, please?
– Would you mind if I sit here?
– Would you like another cup of tea?

5. Polite or indirect advice
– I would wear something more formal.
– I would usually add more salt.
– I wouldn’t worry about it.

(+) Subject + would + base form
He would come.

(-) Subject + would not + base form
(-) Subject + wouldn’t + base form
He would not come.
He wouldn’t come.

(?) Would + Subject + base form
Would you open the window?
– Yes, I would.
– No, I wouldn’t
(?) QW + Would + Subject + base form
Who would know?
Why would he do that?
Where would they go?

‘Would’ can only be used with base forms.
He would play come.
He would to come. (wrong)
He would came. (wrong)
He would comes. (wrong)
We would coming. (wrong)

‘Would not’ is written separately, not as one word.
He would not come.
He wouldnot come. (wrong)

(+) Subject + would+ be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
I would be there.

(-) Subject + would not + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
(-) Subject + wouldn’t + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
He would not be afraid.
He wouldn’t be afraid.

(?) Would + Subject + be + Noun / Adjective / Adverb of Place
Would he be an actor?